New Caledonia: Leaked negotiating proposal outlines continued delegation of powers while diplomacy and security remain under French control
Around 11 April, a confidential document was leaked outlining the French Government’s current proposals for a political settlement in New Caledonia. The document reflected the findings of the latest round of multilateral talks held over 29 March-1 April and formed the basis for final negotiations in Nouméa beginning 29 April. Virtual bilateral negotiations are continuing between the French Minister for Overseas and New Caledonian stakeholders in the build-up to 29 April. On 26 April, the reduced pro-Independence umbrella group, FLNKS, will hold a Convention to decide whether it will engage in the negotiations.
Assessment: While the document indicates further delegation of powers to New Caledonia, the territory would remain under French control for international relations and security. The proposals reflect positions indicated at various stages by French officials. Overall, further powers would be transferred to New Caledonia, while France would retain prime responsibility for international relations, defence, police, justice, and currency. More formal mechanisms would be established for New Caledonia to provide input into these areas, including increased representation in French embassies in the Pacific region. According to the document, referenda on further sovereignty would first require a 3/5ths majority in the New Caledonia legislative assembly - this means loyalist and pro-independence groups must work together to agree on the next steps to greater sovereignty, rather than a pathway being imposed by France as was the approach taken in the 1998 Nouméa Accords.
Sources: “Décryptage : Ce que contient le projet d’accord sur la Nouvelle‑Calédonie proposé par l’État,” NC 1ᵉʳᵉ (Franceinfo), April 11, 2025; James C. Pearce, “Leaked Paper Reveals New Caledonia Heading for Political Status Limbo,” Pacific Island Times, April 16, 2025; Patrick Decloitre, “Leaked ‘Working Paper’ on New Caledonia’s Political Future Sparks Concern,” RNZ, April 15, 2025.
